Add a user
sudo adduser USER_NANE
Delete a user
sudo deluser USER_NAME
Change user password
sudo passwd USER_NAME
Changes user fullname, office number, office extension, and home phone number information.
sudo chfn USER_NAME
Display user information
finger USER_NAME
Temporarily prevent a user from logging in
sudo usermod -L USER_NAME
Revoke the operation above
sudo usermod -U USER_NAME
Add a user to admin group
sudo usermod -G admin -a USER_NAME
Clear Bash history
history -c
Display Linux distributor's ID
lsb_release -is
Display Linux release number
lsb_release -rs
Display Linux code name
lsb_release -cs
Display machine hardware name
uname -m
List all PCI devices, such as display card and ethernet card.
lspci
Reclaim memory which stores pagecache, dentries and inodes
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Display a list of modules in the Linux Kernel
lsmod
List USB devices
lsusb -v
Display the status of ethernet card
sudo ethtool eth0
List hardware
sudo lshw
List harddisk partitions
sudo fdisk -l
Display SATA harddisk parameters
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda
Display disk space usage
df -h
Display file/folder space usage
du -bsh FOLDER_NAME
Display amount of free and used memory
free
Display processes
ps -e
Display a tree of processes
pstree
Display processes dynamically
top
Terminate a process with a given process id
sudo kill -9 PROCESS_ID
Terminate all processes with a given name
sudo killall PROCESS_NAME
List files which are opened by a given process
lsof -p PROCESS_ID
lsof -c PROCESS_NAME
List processes which opened a given file
lsof FILE_NAME
List processes which are using port 80
lsof -i :80
Configure an ADSL connection
sudo pppoeconf
Starts up ADSL connections
sudo pon
Shuts down ADSL connections
sudo poff
Display MAC of a given IP address
arping IP_ADDRESS
Display NetBIOS name of a given IP address
nmblookup -A IP_ADDRESS
Display IP address and MAC
ifconfig -a
Display route
netstat -rn
Set MAC of ethernet interface
sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:11:22:33:44:55
Display information of a domain name
whois example.com
Display the network path to a given host
tracepath example.com
Request an IP address from DHCP server
sudo dhclient
Temporarily restart an init script
sudo /etc/init.d/SCRIPT_NAME restart
Temporarily stop an init script
sudo /etc/init.d/SCRIPT_NAME stop
Set the HTTP proxy
export http_proxy=http://PROXY.DOMAIN.NAME:PORT
Modify the information displayed after logging in
sudo vim /etc/motd.tail
Choose the input method for X Window
im-switch -c
Convert the file name from GBK to UTF8
convmv -r -f gbk -t utf8 --notest FILE_NAME
Convert the file content from GBK to UTF8
iconv -f gbk -t utf8 FILE_NAME
Convert tags in '*.mp3' from GBK to UTF8
find . -name '*.mp3' -execdir mid3iconv -e GBK {} \;
Read a long file
less FILE_NAME
Print lines matching a pattern
grep REG_EXP FILE_NAME
Display a list of file name. The files contain a given string.
grep -lr REG_EXP PATHNAME
Display all '.txt' file
find . -name '*.txt'
Create two empty files
touch file_name_1 file_name_2
Create directory. Create parent directories as needed.
mkdir -p /tmp/a/b/c/d/e
Change working directory to the home folder
cd
Change working directory to the previous working directory
cd -
Display hidden files
ls -a
Copy directory. Preserve links, file mode, ownership, timestamps.
cp -a SOURCE_DIRECTORY DEST_DIRECTORY
Determine file type
file FILE_NAME
Output the last 6 lines
tail -n 6 FILE_NAME
Copy files via SSH
scp -rp FILE_NAME USERNAME@HOST:DEST_PATH
Rename '*.rm' files to '*.rmvb' files
rename 's/.rm$/.rmvb/' *
Change the file name to lowercase
rename 'tr/A-Z/a-z/' *
Display subdirectories in current directory
ls -d */.
Display file number in current directory
ls . | wc -w
Extract "*.gz" file
gunzip FILE_NAME.gz
Extract "*.tar.gz" file
tar zxf FILE_NAME.tar.gz
Extract "*.tar.bz2" file
tar jxf FILE_NAME.tar.bz2
Do compression
tar czf FILE_NAME.tar.gz FILE1 FILE2 FILE3
tar cjf FILE_NAME.tar.bz2 FILE1 FILE2 FILE3
Displays a calendar
cal
cal MONTH YEAR
Set the date and time via NTP
sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com
Poweroff your computer
sudo halt
sudo shutdown -h now
Poweroff your computer in 23:00
sudo shutdown -h 23:00
Poweroff your computer after 60 minutes
sudo shutdown -h +60
Reboot your computer
sudo reboot
sudo shutdown -r now
If you want some program to start up automatically, please put '.desktop' files into '~/.config/autostart'
You can configure "preferred applications" by this file "~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list"
Continuously monitor the memory usage
watch -d free
Display HTTP HEAD response
w3m -dump_head http://example.com
Display file content with line number
nl FILE_NAME
Eliminate Rootkit
sudo rkhunter --checkall
Change hostname
sudo hostname new_name
"Tasksel" group software packages into "task"s. You can select a "task" and then install all necessary software packages. It is easy to set up LAMP servers or cloud computing servers.
Show all tasks
tasksel --list
Display the extended description of a task
tasksel --task-desc lamp-server
List the packages which are parts of a task
tasksel --task-packages lamp-server
Install/remove a task
gksudo tasksel
Change Process priority
renice NEW_PRIORITY `pgrep NAME_OF_PROCESS`
example: renice 5 `pgrep firefox`
renice -5 `pgrep wine-server`
high <------------------> low
NEW_PRIORITY = -19, -18, -17 [...] 18, 19, 20
~/.thumbnails/ directory is a cache dir GNOME makes when you browse through your folders in nautilus.
It contains thumbnail pictures of picture files you've previously looked at.You can get its total size by
du -bs ~/.thumbnails/
You can delete the files in the .thumbnails directory that haven't been accessed for seven days, to free disk space.
find ~/.thumbnails/ -type f -atime +7 -exec rm {} \;
Capture screen after 10 seconds
gnome-screenshot -d 10
Capture current window after 10 seconds
gnome-screenshot -wd 10
Start GConf editor:
Press Alt+F2, type 'gconf-editor'.
Set apt source
sudo software-properties-gtk
sudo software-properties-kde
Display the packages which are not installed but have remained residual config
dpkg -l | awk '/^rc/ {print $2}'
Add a PPA repository:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:PPA-REPOSITORY-NAME
Display a list of files. The files are installed from a given package.
dpkg -L PACKAGE_NAME
Display a list of packages. The packages installed a given file.
dpkg -S FILE_NAME
Display a list of packages. The name of packages matches given regex pattern.
apt-cache search REG_EXPRESSION
Display a list of packages. The packages provide a given file.
apt-file search FILE_NAME
Display a list of packages. The given package depends on the list of packages.
apt-cache depends PACKAGE_NAME
Display a list of packages. These packages depend on the given package.
apt-cache rdepends PACKAGE_NAME
Prompt for a disk to be inserted and then add the disc to the source list.
sudo apt-cdrom add
Install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system.
sudo apt-get upgrade
Delete residual package configuration files.
dpkg -l | grep ^rc | awk '{print $2}' | sudo xargs dpkg -P
Automatically install necessary files for './configure ; make ; make install'
sudo auto-apt run ./configure
Save the list of packages currently installed on your system.
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall > SOME_FILE
Then use the file to restore packages.
dpkg --set-selections < SOME_FILE ; sudo dselect
After running "sudo apt-get install", "*.deb" files are stored in "/var/cache/apt/archives"
You can clean this directory by:
sudo apt-get clean
Display URL for a given package
apt-get -qq --print-uris install PACKAGE_NAME
Display some statistics about the apt cache
apt-cache stats
Display all package name
apt-cache pkgnames
Display some information of a given package
apt-cache show PACKAGE_NAME
checking version of a program
"dpkg -l | grep ksnapshot"
unrar
"unrar x xxxx.rar"
mencari paket
"sudo apt-cache search"
Mengaktifkan account root:
" sudo passwd root"
Menonaktifkan account root:
" sudo passwd -l root"
Masuk root environtment:
" sudo -i"
Mengakses Nautilus sebagai root, dari terminal :
"sudo nautilus" atau "gksudo nautilus"
akses drive ntfs
" sudo mkdir /mnt/windows "
" sudo mount /dev/sda* /mnt/windows"
sda* adalah struktur dalam HDD, trus liat di /mnt/windows melalui file browser.
/dev/sda1 C
/dev/sda5 DataKosong
/dev/sda6 Data
/dev/sda7 Musik
/dev/sdb4 Ext3 Ubuntu
/dev/sdb5 GameStation
/dev/sdb6 Trian
/dev/sdb1 linux
menambah user, bisa menggunakan useradd atau adduser, saya lebih suka menggunakan adduser
"sudo adduser "
membuat folder
mkdir "nama folder"
menghapus folder
rmdir "nama folder"
deteksi hardware
"lshw" atau "lspci"
picture resizer (batch), ada program namanya "squash", dapetinnya
"sudo apt-get install squash"
tapi setelah di install ngga muncul di menu application, kudu ketik dari terminal
"squash"
mematikan komputer - shutdown
"shutdown now"
kalau mau pake timer
shutdown -h +30 ----- "+30"artinya akan shutdown sendiri setelah 30 menit
sumber : http://fahdulloh-ubuntu.blogspot.com/2011/04/kumpulan-perintah-sudo.html
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